By Ernie Sears

It seems that too often we read or hear stories about injuries and even deaths caused by using an unsafe wood deck. Most if not all of these accidents could have been avoided had the decks been inspected and deficiencies repaired or replaced. 

Unsafe decks are usually the result of unapproved construction or materials, rot or damage to structural components, or improper use. This article addresses defects that have been present in the deck from the time it was constructed. 

How does it happen that a deck does not meet current safety requirements? Well the first reason is that building codes are constantly being reviewed and changed. The deck builder can’t be blamed for not building to a code that wasn’t in effect at the time of construction. Additionally not all decks are or have been built to code for a variety of reasons. Unlicensed contractors and even home owners themselves often take a shortcut and avoid getting a building permit and required safety inspections. For that matter, not all local governments require building permits or inspections for sun decks. 

So what kinds of things does the homeowner need to look for? The answer to that could easily require much more than can be covered in this article. However, based on many years of observation, the most common defects can be outlined: 

·        Railings

o       Railing height of less than 36”

o       Picket or baluster spacing greater than 4”

o       Notched railing post

o       Use of nails or lag bolts to attach the railing post

·        Stairs

o       Open risers

o       No graspable handrail on the guard rail

o       No stairway illumination or lighting

·        Structure

o       No or unapproved flashing where the deck attaches to the house

o       Deck is attached to a cantilever of the house

o       Deck is attached to the house with nails or too few bolts

o       Lack of additional framing for heavy objects like hot tubs

o        Columns are not notched to support beam.

o       Beam is not through bolted to support columns

o       Splices in the beam that are not over the support columns

 Remember this is not a complete list, just some of the more common defects. 

Inspection for most of these conditions is easy. If you’re not familiar with some of the terms, check with your local building department. These offices often have a printed set of deck construction regulations complete with drawings and definitions. There are also many excellent books on deck construction that you can buy or check out at your local library. 

For your inspection you will need just a few tools: tape measure, flashlight, and a ladder if the deck is attached to the second story of the house. A notebook and pencil will help you remember your observations. 

If you find any of these conditions, further inspection by a licensed deck contractor, home inspection service, or better yet, a building inspector from the city or county building department is recommended. They will be able to tell you the severity of the problem, how it can be corrected, and an estimated cost.

© 2007 Ernie Sears